Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D
Incazelo emfushane:
Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D kuyiinqubo yokwakha izingxenye ngokushisa, ukumanzisa, ukuncibilika nokupholisa kwensimbi yensimbi nge-laser noma i-electron boram ukuskena ngaphansi kolawulo lwekhompyutha. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D akudingi isikhunta, ukwakha ngokushesha, izindleko eziphezulu, okufanele isampula nokukhiqizwa okuncane kweqoqo.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D (i-3DP) uhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta okusheshayo. It is a technology based on digital model file, esebenzisa impuphu yensimbi noma ipulasitiki nezinye izinto zokunamathisela ukwakha izinto ngokuprinta ungqimba. Umehluko phakathi kokuphrinta kwensimbi 3D nokuphrinta kwe-3D 3D: Lobu ubuchwepheshe obubili. Impahla eluhlaza yokuphrinta yensimbi ye-3D yimpuphu yensimbi, ekhiqizwa futhi iphrintwe yi-laser lokushisa okuphezulu. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta kwe-3D 3D ziwuketshezi, ezikhanyiselwa ezintweni eziwuketshezi ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet yama-wavelengths ahlukile, okuholela ekuphenduleni kwe-polymerization nokwelashwa.
1. Izici zensimbi 3D ukuphrinta
1. izinzuzo zensimbi 3D ukuphrinta
A. Rapot prototyping izingxenye
B. Lobu buchwepheshe bungasebenzisa izinsimbi zomzimba eziyinsimbi ezincanyana ukukhiqiza ubujamo obuyinkimbinkimbi obungenakutholwa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko njengokuphonsa, ukufaka nokwenziwa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zendabuko, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunezinzuzo eziningi, kufaka phakathi:
A. izinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwezinto;
B. asikho isidingo sokuvula isikhunta, inqubo yokukhiqiza encane nomjikelezo omfushane;
C Isikhathi somjikelezo wokukhiqiza sifushane. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwezingxenye ezinobunzima obunzima kuthatha ingxenye eyodwa yesihlanu noma ngisho nakunye kweshumi kwesikhathi semishini ejwayelekile
UD. izingxenye ezinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi zingenziwa, njengesiteshi sokugeleza kwangaphakathi sangaphakathi;
E. ukwakhiwa kwamahhala ngokuya ngezidingo zempahla yemishini ngaphandle kokubheka inqubo yokukhiqiza.
Ijubane lalo lokuphrinta alikho phezulu, futhi livame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa okusheshayo kwezingxenye zeqoqo elilodwa noma elincane, ngaphandle kwezindleko nesikhathi sokuvulwa kwesikhunta. Yize ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungakulungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, kungasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa okusheshayo kwezikhunta ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
2 .izinzuzo zensimbi 3D ukuphrinta
Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D kunikeza amathuba amasha wokuklama, njengokuhlanganisa izinto eziningi kunqubo yokukhiqiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla kanye nezindleko zokucubungula.
A). Ukuphambuka kwezingxenye zokuphrinta zensimbi ye-3D ngokuvamile kukhulu kuno + / -0.10 mm, futhi ukunemba akulona kahle lelo lamathuluzi omshini ajwayelekile.
B) Impahla yokwelashwa kokushisa yokuphrinta kwensimbi ye-3D izokhubazeka: iphuzu lokuthengisa lokuphrinta kwensimbi le-3D ukucacisa okuphezulu nokuma okungajwayelekile. Uma ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwezingxenye zensimbi kuphathwa ukushisa, izingxenye zizolahlekelwa ngokunemba, noma zidinga ukwenziwa kabusha ngamathuluzi omshini
Ingxenye yemishini yendabuko yokunciphisa impahla ingaveza ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lukhuni ebusweni bezingxenye. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D akukuhle kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunwetshwa nokusikwa kwezingxenye zensimbi kubucayi kwinqubo yokwenza imishini. Ukushisa nobukhulu bezingxenye kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekunembeni
2. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta kwensimbi ye-3D
Kubandakanya insimbi engagqwali (AISI316L), i-aluminium, i-titanium, i-Inconel (Ti6Al4V) (625 noma i-718), nensimbi yemartensitic.
1) .ithuluzi kanye nezinsimbi ze-martensitic
2). insimbi engagqwali.
3). I-alloy: ingxubevange yensimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokuphrinta ze-3D yi-titanium emsulwa ne-titanium alloy, i-aluminium alloy, i-nickel base alloy, i-cobalt chromium alloy, i-copper base alloy, njll.
Izingxenye zokuphrinta ze-Copper 3D
Izingxenye zokunyathelisa ze-Steel 3D
Izingxenye zokuphrinta ze-Aluminium 3D
3D wokunyathelisa isikhunta Faka
3. Izinhlobo zensimbi ye-3D yokuphrinta
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zobuchwepheshe bensimbi bokuphrinta be-3D: i-SLS, i-SLM, i-npj, i-lens ne-EBSM.
1). i-laser sintering ekhethiwe (SLS)
I-SLS yakhiwe ngesilinda se-powder nesilinda esakha. I-piston ye-powder cylinder iyakhuphuka. Impuphu ibekwe ngokulinganayo kwisilinda esakha i-powder paver. Ikhompiyutha ilawula ithrekhi yokuskena enezinhlangothi ezimbili yesigxobo se-laser ngokuya ngemodeli yocezu lwesibonelo. Okwenziwe ngempuphu eqinile kukhethwe sintered ukwenza ungqimba lwengxenye. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kongqimba olulodwa, i-piston esebenzayo yehla ukushuba kwesendlalelo esisodwa, uhlelo lokusabalalisa impuphu lusabalalisa impuphu entsha, futhi ilawula ugongolo lwe-laser ukuskena nokusika ungqimba olusha. Ngale ndlela, umjikelezo uphinda ungqimba ngongqimba kuze kube yilapho izingxenye ezingamacala amathathu zakhiwa.
2). i-laser melting ekhethiwe (SLM)
Umgomo oyisisekelo wobuchwepheshe bokuncibilika obukhetha i-laser ukuklama imodeli ehlukaniswe kathathu yengxenye ngokusebenzisa isoftware enezinhlangothi ezintathu efana ne-Pro / E, UG ne-CATIA kukhompyutha, bese usika imodeli enzinhlangothi ezintathu ngokusebenzisa i- isoftware yokusika, thola idatha yephrofayili yesigaba ngasinye, yenza indlela yokuskena yokugcwalisa kusuka kudatha yephrofayili, futhi okokusebenza kuzolawula ukuncibilika okukhethiwe kogongolo lwe-laser ngokusho kwale migqa yokuskena yokugcwalisa Isendlalelo ngasinye sensimbi yempuphu yensimbi sihlanganiswa kancane kathathu- izingxenye zensimbi ezi-ntathu. Ngaphambi kokuba ugongolo lwe-laser luqale ukuskena, insimbi esakaza impuphu iphusha impuphu yensimbi kupuleti lesisekelo lesilinda esakha, bese kuthi i-laser beam incibilikise impuphu epuletini lesisekelo ngokuya ngomugqa wokugcwalisa ukuskena wesendlalelo samanje, bese icubungula ungqimba lwamanje, bese isilinda esakha lehla ibanga lesendlalelo sobubanzi, isilinda sempuphu sikhuphuka ibanga elithile lokujiya, insimbi esabalalisa impuphu isakaza impuphu yensimbi kusendlalelo esetshenzisiwe samanje, futhi okokusebenza kulungisa Faka idatha yomugqa wesendlalelo olandelayo icubungula, bese icubungula ungqimba ngongqimba kuze kucutshungulwe ingxenye yonke.
3). i-nanoparticle spray metal ukwakha (NPJ)
Ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokuphrinta be-3D bensimbi ukusebenzisa i-laser ukuncibilika noma i-sinter yizinhlayiya zensimbi yensimbi, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe be-npj busebenzisa hhayi ukuma kwe-powder, kepha isimo se-liquid. Lezi zinsimbi zihlanganiswe ngepayipi ngendlela yoketshezi bese zifakwa kwiphrinta ye-3D, esebenzisa "insimbi encibilikisiwe" equkethe ama-nanoparticles ensimbi ukufafaza isimo lapho i-3D yensimbi yokuphrinta. Okuhle ukuthi insimbi iphrintiwe ngensimbi encibilikisiwe, imodeli yonke izoba mellow ngokwengeziwe, futhi ikhanda elijwayelekile lokuphrinta i-ink-jet lingasetshenziswa njengethuluzi. Lapho ukuphrinta kuqediwe, igumbi lokwakha lizohwamuka uketshezi oluningi ngokushisa, kusale ingxenye yensimbi kuphela
4). i-laser eduzane nokwakheka kwenetha (ilensi)
I-Laser eduzane nobuchwepheshe be-net shaping (lens) technology isebenzisa umgomo wokuthuthwa kwe-laser ne-powder ngasikhathi sinye. Imodeli ye-3D CAD yale ngxenye isikiwe yikhompyutha, kanti imininingwane ye-2D yendiza yengxenye iyatholakala. Le mininingwane ibuye iguqulwe ibe yithrekhi yokunyakaza ye-NC esebenzayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-powder yensimbi ifakwa endaweni okugxilwa kuyo nge-laser ngejubane elithile lokudla, incibilike futhi iqiniswe ngokushesha, bese izingxenye ezakheke eduze zenetha zingatholakala ngokufaka amaphoyinti, imigqa nezindawo. Izingxenye ezakhiwe zingasetshenziswa ngaphandle noma kuphela ngenani elincane lokucubungula. Amalensi angabona isikhunta ukukhiqizwa kwamahhala kwensimbi futhi asindise izindleko eziningi.
5). i-electron beam melting (EBSM)
Ubuchwepheshe be-Electron beam smelting buqalekiswa futhi busetshenziswa yinkampani ye-arcam eSweden. Umgomo wayo ukusebenzisa isibhamu se-elektroni ukudubula amandla amakhulu kakhulu akhiqizwa ngogongolo lwe-electron ngemuva kokuphambuka nokugxila, okwenza ungqimba lwensimbi oluskeniwe lukhiqize izinga lokushisa eliphezulu endaweni encane yendawo, okuholele ekuncibilikeni kwezinhlayiya zensimbi. Ukuskena okuqhubekayo kogongolo lwe-electron kuzokwenza ukuthi amachibi amancane wensimbi ancibilike ancibilike, futhi akhe ungqimba lwensimbi oluqondile nolungaphezulu ngemuva kokuxhuma.
Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obunhlanu bokuphrinta bensimbi obungenhla, i-SLS (i-laser sintering ekhethiwe) kanye ne-SLM (i-selective laser melting) ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile besicelo ekuphrintweni kwensimbi.
4.Ukusetshenziswa kokuphrinta kwensimbi kwe-3D
Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isikhunta, ukwakhiwa kwezimboni neminye imikhakha ukwenza amamodeli, bese kusetshenziswa kancane kancane ekwenziweni okuqondile kweminye imikhiqizo, bese kusetshenziswa kancane kancane ekwenziweni okuqondile kweminye imikhiqizo. Sekuvele kunezingxenye eziphrintiwe yilobu buchwepheshe. Ubuchwepheshe bunezicelo zobucwebe, izicathulo, ukwakhiwa kwezimboni, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ezobunjiniyela nokwakhiwa (i-AEC), ezezimoto, i-aerospace, izimboni zamazinyo nezokwelapha, ezemfundo, izinhlelo zolwazi lwendawo, ubunjiniyela bomphakathi, izibhamu kanye neminye imikhakha.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D, okunenzuzo yokubumba okuqondile, akukho isikhunta, ukwakheka okwenziwe ngezifiso kanye nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kanye nezindleko eziphansi, kusetshenziswe kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zobunjiniyela be-petrochemical, i-aerospace, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, umjovo womjovo, ukukhanya kwe-alloy metal casting , ukwelashwa, imboni yamaphepha, imboni yamandla, ukucubungula ukudla, ubucwebe, imfashini neminye imikhakha.
Ukukhiqizwa kokuphrinta kwensimbi akuphezulu, kuvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa okusheshayo kwezingxenye zeqoqo elilodwa noma elincane, ngaphandle kwezindleko nesikhathi sokuvulwa kwesikhunta. Yize ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungakulungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, kungasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa okusheshayo kwezikhunta ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
1). umkhakha wezimboni
Njengamanje, iminyango eminingi yezimboni isebenzise amaphrinta e-3D ensimbi njengemishini yabo yansuku zonke. Ekukhiqizeni kwasekuqaleni nasekukhiqizeni imodeli, ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D busetshenziswa cishe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingasetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezithile ezinkulu
Iphrinta ye-3D inyathelisa izingxenye bese iyazihlanganisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokukhiqiza yendabuko, ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D bunganciphisa isikhathi futhi bunciphise izindleko, kodwa futhi kufinyelele ekukhiqizeni okukhulu.
2). umkhakha wezokwelapha
Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D kusetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi kumazinyo. Ngokungafani nokunye ukuhlinzwa, ukuphrinta kwensimbi kwe-3D kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta okufakelwa kwamazinyo. Inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-3D bokuphrinta ukwenza ngokwezifiso. Odokotela bangaklama okufakelwa ngokusho kwezimo ezithile zeziguli. Ngale ndlela, inqubo yokwelashwa kwesiguli izokwehlisa ubuhlungu, futhi kuzoba nenkinga encane ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
3). ubucwebe
Okwamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi bezinto zokuhloba baguqula kusuka ekukhiqizeni i-resin 3D nokukhiqizwa kwesikhunta se-wax kuya ekuphrintweni kwensimbi kwe-3D. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamazinga abantu okuphila, isidingo sobucwebe naso siphezulu. Abantu abasathandi ubucwebe obujwayelekile emakethe, kepha bafuna ukuba nobucwebe obuhlukile obenziwe ngezifiso. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba umkhuba wokuthuthuka wesikhathi esizayo wemboni yobucwebe ukubona ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngaphandle kwesikhunta, phakathi kokuphrinta kwensimbi kwe-3D okuzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.
4). I-Aerospace
Amazwe amaningi emhlabeni aseqalile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta obuyinsimbi be-3D ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvikela izwe, i-aerospace neminye imikhakha. Isitshalo sokuphrinta se-3D sokuqala se-GE emhlabeni, esakhiwe e-Italy, sinesibopho sokwenza izingxenye zezinjini zejet, ezifakazela ikhono lokuphrinta kwensimbi 3D.
5). Izithuthi
Isikhathi sokufaka isicelo sokuphrinta kwensimbi ye-3D embonini yezimoto asiside kakhulu, kepha sinokuthuthuka okukhulu okungenzeka futhi okusheshayo. Njengamanje, abakwa-BMW, i-Audi nabanye abenzi bezimoto abaziwayo bacwaninga ngokujulile ukuthi bangabusebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta bensimbi be-3D ukuguqula imodi yokukhiqiza
Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D akukhawulwanga ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezingxenye, okwenziwe ngqo, kuyashesha futhi kuyasebenza, futhi akudingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwesikhunta, esifanele ukukhiqizwa kwanamuhla. Izothuthukiswa futhi isetshenziswe ngokushesha manje nasesikhathini esizayo. Uma unezingxenye zensimbi ezidinga ukuphrinta kwe-3D, sicela uxhumane nathi.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D akukhawulwanga ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezingxenye, okwenziwe ngqo, kuyashesha futhi kuyasebenza, futhi akudingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwesikhunta, esifanele ukukhiqizwa kwanamuhla. Izothuthukiswa futhi isetshenziswe ngokushesha manje nasesikhathini esizayo. Uma unezingxenye zensimbi ezidinga ukuphrintwa kwe-3D,sicela uxhumane nathi.
