Medical plastic umjovo isikhunta futhi udini
Incazelo emfushane:
IMESTECH ikhiqiza ukwenziwa komjovo wepulasitiki wezokwelapha kanye nomjovo. Imikhiqizo emikhulu ifaka phakathi: isirinji yomjovo, isirinji elahlwayo, isixhumi, isembozo sepulasitiki esisobala, utshani, ibhokisi lezokwelapha, isitsha, amathuluzi okuhlinza, uqinisa isigubhu, inaliti yepulasitiki, ibhokisi lamathuluzi, ithuluzi lokuxilonga nezindlu zosizo lokuzwa, kanye nendawo ethile yemishini yezokwelapha. .
IMESTECH ikhiqiza ukwenziwa komjovo wepulasitiki wezokwelapha kanye nomjovo. Imikhiqizo esemqoka yile:
Umjovo wokujova, isirinji elahlwayo, isixhumi, ikhava epulasitiki esobala, utshani, ibhokisi lezokwelapha, isitsha, amathuluzi okuhlinza, ugcino lwesigubhu, inaliti yepulasitiki, ibhokisi lamathuluzi, idivayisi yokuxilonga kanye nezindlu zosizo lokuzwa, kanye nokunye okuvalelwe yimishini yezokwelapha.
Kunezindinganiso eziningi zokwenza isikhunta sezokwelapha. Cishe yonke imikhiqizo ehlukile inamazinga ahlukile. I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunazo zonke wezikhunta zepulasitiki zezokwelapha emhlabeni. Isidingo sesikhunta sezokwelapha siphezulu kakhulu impela. Izinga lokukhiqiza eliyinhloko lihlanganiswe nemikhiqizo, njengemikhiqizo eminingi yezokwelapha enamalunga eRuhr. Leli yizinga lokukhiqiza. Uma ifektri yesikhunta ingaliqondi leli zinga, kuzoba nzima. Kukhona nezindinganiso eziningi zesikhunta ezinesilinganiso sikazwelonke sosayizi womkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni okuzenzakalelayo okugcwele, umgodi omningi, futhi akukho mkhawulo ondizayo we-burr.
Imikhiqizo Ejwayelekile Yokujola Yezokwelapha
1. Ipayipi leHemodialysis, imaski yokuphefumula, ishubhu lokuhogela umoya-mpilo, umthambo wegazi wokufakelwa, njll.
2. Izinqe zokufakelwa, amadolo namahlombe.
3. Ukupakisha, isirinji, isirinji elahlwayo, isixhumi, ikhava yepulasitiki esobala, ipipette,
4. Izinkomishi, amakepisi, amabhodlela, ukupakisha izimonyo, iziphanyeko, amathoyizi, izinto ezithatha indawo ye-PVC, ukupakisha ukudla nezikhwama zezokwelapha
Amathuluzi we-5.Izinsimbi, iziqeshana zesigubhu, izinaliti zepulasitiki, amabhokisi amathuluzi, amadivayisi okuxilonga nezinsiza-kuzwa izindlu, ikakhulukazi izindlu zemishini ethile emikhulu yezokwelapha
6. Izihlungi ze-dialysis yegazi, abaphethe amathuluzi okuhlinza namathangi e-oxygen, imithambo yegazi yokufakelwa
7. Imithambo yegazi yokufakelwa, ulwelwesi lwenhliziyo, ama-endoscopes, i-forceps, i-trachea
Izidingo zemikhiqizo epulasitiki yezokwelapha
Izingxenye ezintweni zepulasitiki azikwazi ukungena emzimbeni noma emzimbeni womuntu, futhi ngeke zibangele ubuthi kanye nokulimala kwezicubu nezitho zomzimba. Ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinabungozi emzimbeni womuntu. Isidingo esiyisisekelo samapulasitiki ezokwelapha ukusimama kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-biosafety ngenxa yokuxhumana nemithi ewuketshezi noma umzimba womuntu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokuphila kwamapulasitiki ezokwelapha, oplastikhi bezokwelapha abavame ukuthengiswa emakethe bayaqinisekiswa futhi bahlolwe yiziphathimandla zezokwelapha, futhi bazise ngokusobala abasebenzisi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwebanga lezokwelapha.
Njengamanje, inani elikhulu lezinto zepulasitiki zezokwelapha alikaqinisekiswa ngokuqinile njenge-bio-safety, kepha ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwemithethonqubo, lezi zimo zizothuthukiswa. Amapulasitiki ezokwelapha e-United States ajwayele ukudlulisa isitifiketi se-FDA kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-USPVI kokuphilayo, kuyilapho opulasitiki bezokwelapha eChina benezikhungo zokuhlola amathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo namandla okudingeka kwemikhiqizo yemishini, sikhetha uhlobo lweplastikhi olufanele nomkhiqizo, bese sinquma ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula bezinto zokwakha. Lezi zakhiwo zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kokusebenza, amandla womshini, izindleko zokusebenzisa, indlela yokuhlangana, inzalo njalonjalo.
ukuvalwa kwepulasitiki yezokwelapha
Izingxenye zepulasitiki zezokwelapha
Kunezidingo ezithile zemvelo yokukhiqiza yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yezokwelapha
Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yezokwelapha imvamisa yenziwa ngomjovo wokubumba, odinga hhayi kuphela izinto zepulasitiki ezisetshenzisiwe, kepha futhi nemvelo yomjovo wokujova wemikhiqizo ehlukene yezokwelapha.
Okomzimba womuntu ofakiwe noma iziqukathi namasirinji aqukethe imithi neziphuzo, indawo yokukhiqiza ayinalo uthuli, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza nokufakwa kwayo kusetshenziswa ngokuqinile endaweni engafakazeli uthuli. Kwemishini ethile ejwayelekile yezokwelapha nezinsimbi, izidingo zegobolondo zikhululeke kakhulu, ngakho-ke zingakhiqizwa endaweni ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwamapulasitiki ezokwelapha asetshenziswa kakhulu
Amapulasitiki angasetshenziswa kuplastikhi wezokwelapha ngezindleko eziphansi, ngaphandle kokubulala amagciwane nokusetshenziswa kabusha, futhi kufanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwamadivayisi alahlwayo; kulula ukuyicubungula, futhi ingacutshungulwa ibe izinhlaka ezahlukahlukene eziwusizo ngokusebenzisa i-plasticity yayo, ngenkathi insimbi nengilazi kunzima ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo enezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi; inzima futhi inwebeka, hhayi entekenteke njengengilazi; i-inertia enhle yamakhemikhali nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukuphepha komkhiqizo.
Lezi zinzuzo zenza amapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabanzi ezintweni zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi i-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC), i-polyethylene (i-PE), i-polypropylene (i-PP), i-polystyrene (i-PS), i-polycarbonate (i-PC), i-ABS, i-polyurethane, i-polyamide, i-thermoplastic elastomer, i-polysulfone ne-polyetheretherketone. Ukuxuba kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zepulasitiki futhi kwenze i-polycarbonate / i-ABS, i-polypropylene / i-elastomer nezinye izinhlaka zibe nezindawo ezinhle kakhulu.
Ama-plastiki ayisishiyagalombili asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC), i-polyethylene (i-PE), i-polypropylene (i-PP), i-polystyrene (i-PS) ne-resin ye-K, i-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), i-polycarbonate (i-PC) ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (i-PTFE). Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwamapulasitiki ajwayelekile, onke ayimpushana yempuphu futhi angeke isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa okuqondile kwemikhiqizo. Yilokhu abantu abavame ukukusho kusuka ezihlahleni. Amafutha akhishwe ujusi ayafana, futhi abizwa nangokuthi i-resin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-powder. Le ipulasitiki emsulwa. It has fluidity abampofu, ongaphakeme ukuzinza ezishisayo, ukuguga lula futhi ukubola, futhi akuyona ukumelana ukuguga kwemvelo.
Ama-plastiki ayisishiyagalombili asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC), i-polyethylene (i-PE), i-polypropylene (i-PP), i-polystyrene (i-PS) ne-resin ye-K, i-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), i-polycarbonate (i-PC) ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (i-PTFE). Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwamapulasitiki ajwayelekile, onke ayimpushana yempuphu futhi angeke isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa okuqondile kwemikhiqizo. Yilokhu abantu abavame ukukusho kusuka ezihlahleni. Amafutha akhishwe ujusi ayafana, futhi abizwa nangokuthi i-resin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-powder. Le ipulasitiki emsulwa. It has fluidity abampofu, ongaphakeme ukuzinza ezishisayo, ukuguga lula futhi ukubola, futhi akuyona ukumelana ukuguga kwemvelo.
Ukuze uthuthukise la maphutha, izinto zokuqinisa ukushisa, izinto zokulwa nokuguga, ama-anti ultraviolet agents kanye nama-plasticizers afakwa kwi-resin powder. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwe-granulation, uketshezi lwe-resin powder luyakhuphuka, futhi kukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zepulasitiki ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile namamaki ahlukile. Amapulasitiki avame ukusetshenziswa ngabakhiqizi bedivayisi yezokwelapha aguqulwa izinhlayiya zepulasitiki ezingasetshenziswa ngqo. Ngemikhiqizo enezinto ezikhethekile ezingatholakali emakethe, izimboni zemishini zingangenisa imigqa yokukhiqiza i-granulation ukucubungula nokukhiqiza izinhlayiya zepulasitiki ngemiklamo ehlukile yokwakheka. Ngakho-ke, kunemikhiqizo eminingi yezinhlobo ezifanayo zepulasitiki. Ngokwendlela yokucubungula, kukhona ibanga lokujova, ibanga le-extrusion kanye nebanga lefilimu elishaywayo; ngokusho kokusebenza, kunemikhiqizo eminingi,
Amapulasitiki asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo yezokwelapha yilena:
1.I-Polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC)
Ngokwezibalo zemakethe, cishe ama-25% wemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yezokwelapha yi-PVC. I-PVC ngomunye wemikhiqizo yepulasitiki emikhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. I-PVC resin yempuphu emhlophe noma ekhanyayo emhlophe, isakhiwo se-PVC esingahleliwe, esinzima futhi esinamahloni, esingasetshenziswa kakhulu. Izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene zingangezwa ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukile ukwenza izingxenye zepulasitiki ze-PVC zibe nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba nezomshini. Imikhiqizo eqinile eqinile, ethambile nebala ingenziwa ngokungeza inani elifanele le-plasticizer ku-resin ye-PVC.
I-PVC eqinile ayiqukethe noma iqukethe inani elincane le-plasticizer. Inezindawo eziqinile zokuqina, ukugoba, ukuminyana kanye nomthelela, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha zodwa. I-PVC ethambile iqukethe ama-plasticizers amaningi. Ubumnene bayo, ukunwebeka kwayo ngesikhathi sekhefu nokumelana namakhaza kuyanda, kepha ukuqina kwayo, ubulukhuni namandla ayo okuqina kuyancipha. Ubuningi be-PVC emsulwa ngu-1.4g / cm3. Ubuningi bezingxenye ze-PVC ezine-plasticizers kanye nokugcwalisa imvamisa kubanga le-1.15-20 g / cm3. Lokhu kungenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi nokucutshungulwa okulula. Izicelo zokwelashwa zemikhiqizo ye-PVC zifaka: ipayipi le-hemodialysis, imaski yokuphefumula, ishubhu le-oxygen, njll.
2.I-Polyethylene (PE):
I-polyethylene plastic iyinhlobo yesivuno esiphezulu embonini yepulasitiki. Ziyizinhlayiya ezicwebezelayo ezinobisi ezimhlophe, ezingenamphunga, nezingenabuthi. Kubonakala ngentengo ephansi nokusebenza okuhle. Ingasetshenziswa kabanzi embonini, kwezolimo, emaphaketheni nasekusebenziseni imboni nsuku zonke. Idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yepulasitiki.
I-PE ikakhulukazi ifaka i-polyethylene ephansi (LDPE), i-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu (i-HDPE) kanye ne-ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (uhdpe). I-HDPE inechungechunge olunamagatsha amancane, isisindo esiphakeme se-molecular, i-crystallinity nokuqina, ukuqina okuphezulu namandla, ukungabonakali kahle nendawo ephakeme yokuncibilika. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izingxenye zomjovo ezibunjiwe. I-LDPE inamaketanga amaningi anamagatsha, ngakho-ke inesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana, i-crystallinity ephansi kanye nobukhulu, futhi inezimo ezinhle, ukumelana nomthelela nokubonisa okusobala. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukuqhuma kwefilimu futhi iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi kune-PVC. I-HDPE ne-LDPE nazo zingahlanganiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zokusebenza. I-Uhdpe inamandla amakhulu omthelela, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, ukumelana nokucindezela kokuqina kanye nezici ezinhle zokumunca amandla, okwenza kube yinto ekahle yokuhlanganiswa kwe-hip yokufakelwa,
3.I-Polypropylene (PP)
I-Polypropylene ayinambala, ayinambitheki futhi ayinabo ubuthi. Ibukeka njenge-polyethylene, kepha ibonakala futhi ilula kakhulu kune-polyethylene. I-PP uhlobo lwe-thermoplastic enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu. Inezinzuzo zokunciphisa amandla amancane (0.9g / cm3), okungeyona enobuthi, okulula ukuyicubungula, ukumelana nomthelela kanye nokumelana nokuguquguquka. Inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo empilweni yansuku zonke, kufaka phakathi izikhwama ezilukiwe, amafilimu, amabhokisi wenzuzo, izinto zokuvikela izintambo, amathoyizi, amabhampa emoto, imicu, imishini yokuwasha, njll.
I-Medical PP inokucaca okuphezulu, isithiyo esihle nokumelana nemisebe, okwenza ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi emishini yezokwelapha nasemkhakheni wokupakisha. Izinto ezingezona ze-PVC ezine-PP njengomzimba oyinhloko zithatha indawo yezinto ze-PVC ezisetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje.
4. I-Polystyrene (PS) ne-K resin
I-PS yipulasitiki yesithathu ngobukhulu ngemuva kwe-PVC ne-PE. Imvamisa icutshungulwa futhi isetshenziswe njengeplastiki eyingxenye eyodwa. Izici zayo eziyinhloko isisindo esincane, okusobala, okulula ukudaya nokubumba okuhle nokucubungula izakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, i-PS isetshenziswa kabanzi kupulasitiki wansuku zonke, ezingxenyeni zikagesi, okokusebenza kwe-optical nempahla yezemfundo. Ngenxa yokuthungwa kwayo okulukhuni futhi oku-brittle kanye ne-coefficient ephezulu yokunwetshwa okushisayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubunjiniyela kunqunyelwe.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kuthuthukiswe i-polystyrene ne-styrene based copolymers, okuthi ngandlela-thile kunqobe ukushiyeka kwe-polystyrene. I-potassium resin ingenye yazo. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko empilweni yansuku zonke kufaka izinkomishi, izigqoko, amabhodlela, ukupakisha kwezimonyo, iziphanyeko, amathoyizi, okufaka esikhundleni se-PVC, ukupakisha kokudla kanye nokupakisha kwemithi.
5.I-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS)
I-ABS inokuqina okuthile, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nomthelela, ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana nemisebe kanye ne-ethylene oxide disinfection. I-ABS isetshenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zezokwelapha njengamathuluzi okuhlinza, iziqeshana zesigubhu, izinaliti zepulasitiki, ibhokisi lamathuluzi, imishini yokuxilonga negobolondo losizo lokuzwa, ikakhulukazi kwemishini ethile emikhulu yezokwelapha. Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, i-ABS ivame ukucutshungulwa ngenaliti yokubumba, futhi cishe akukho kusetshenziswa kokushaywa kwefilimu nepayipi extrusion.
6.I-Polycarbonate (PC)
Izici ezijwayelekile ze-PC ukuqina, amandla, ukuqina nokuqina kwe-steam okumelana nokushisa, okwenza i-PC ibe yisinqumo sokuqala sesihlungi se-hemodialysis, isibambo sethuluzi lokuhlinza nethangi le-oxygen (insimbi ingasusa i-carbon dioxide egazini futhi ikhuphule umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo) . Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PC kwezokwelapha kufaka phakathi uhlelo olungenalutho olungenalithi oluningi, insimbi yokugcoba, i-blood centrifuge ne-piston. Ngenxa yokubonakala kwawo okuphezulu, izibuko ezijwayelekile ze-myopia zenziwe nge-PC.
7.I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
I-PTFE resin iyimpuphu emhlophe enokubukeka oku-waxy, okubushelelezi nokungabambeki. I-PTFE yaziwa njenge "king of plastiki" ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu, ezingafaniswa namanye amaplastikhi e-thermoplastic. Ine-coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokungqubuzana phakathi kwamapulasitiki futhi ine-biocompatibility enhle. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza imithambo yegazi yokufakelwa namanye amadivayisi afakwe ngqo emzimbeni womuntu. Kunzima ukubhekana nakho. Impuphu ivamise ukubandelwa icindezelwe kungenalutho bese isintwa noma icoshwe. Akunconyelwa ukuthi umenzi wezinsimbi akhiqize lo mkhiqizo. Uma inani lincane, kunconywa ukuthi ulithenge ngqo.
8.I-Polyamide (PA)
Inhloso: hose, isixhumi, i-adaptha, ipiston.
